$Hmak $L05$ $L07It contains records and indexes. $L09Indexes: $F01 $L15$ The CDMAK program operates in a conversational mode and allows the user to find a specific record or a group of records which meets search conditions. The search results can be displayed, printed or saved in a external file for further processing. This HELP describes main operations available for the CDMAK's user. $Hmak $ Using CDMAK program you will find the following terms (terms treated separately in the glossary are highlighted): $(Browsing$) A way of locating $(records$) using $(record system number$). $(Data base$) The set of $(fields$) and $(subfields$) which can occur $(structure$) in $(records$). Data base structure can be viewed by pressing F1 and again F1 or Shift + F1. $(Display format$) A format in which $(records$) are displayed. The $((mask)$) user can modify (ad hoc) display format by $(masking$). $(Field$) The sequence of $(subfields$) within a $(record$); each field has its own unique name. $(Finding$) A process by which the user locates a group of $(records$) by browsing $(indexes$) and pointing some $(values$). $(Index$) A set of $(values$) extracted (in a predefined way) from one or more $(subfields$) of all $(records$). Indexes are mainly used for speeding the $(search$) process. $Hmak $(List of marked$) A set created by the program during a $(marking$) process. $(records$) The list contains $(record system numbers$). $(Marking$) A process of selection some $(records$) for further use. $(Mask$) See $(Display format$). $(Masking$) A process of modificaton the $(display format$). By masking the user can eliminate displaying some $(fields$), $(subfields$) or their names. $(Query$) A set of conditons specified by the user, used for $(searching$). $(Record$) A bibliographic record, e.g. collection of $(fields$) describing one or more bibliographic items. $(Record system$) A unique number assigned by the system to each $(record$). $(number$) It is often abbreviated to "system number". $(Searching$) A process by which the user locates a group of $(records$) by specifying a $(query$). $Hmak $(Subfield$) The smallest (from the CDMAK's point of view) unit of information; any $(value$) is always stored in a subfield. Each subfield has its own name, unique within the $(field$). $(System number$) See $(Record system number$). $(Value$) A sequence of characters stored in a $(subfield$), displayed in $(index$), or used in user's $(query$). $(Wildcard$) A special character used in a $(query$) as follows: - The asterisk [*] represents any number of characters, - The question mark [?] represents one character. $Hmak $ Each index contains data of the specific category (e.g. names of authors, titles, subjects etc.). The user can view definition of indexes by pressing F1 key while displaying any help. All entries of each index are fixed length, therefore they may be truncated. The following rules apply when creating an index entry from a subfield value: * Only letters (incl. polish letters), digits and spaces (blanks) are taken into account. * All other characters are treated as spaces. * Small letters are converted to capital letters. * Groups of spaces are treated as one space. * Initial and ending spaces are ignored. $
After opening the data base the Main Menu apears on the screen and shows available functions. The user chooses one of them by: - setting up the arrow beside the proper line of menu (UP or DOWN ARROW) and pressing ENTER or - pressing the function key given in the proper line or - pressing the highlighted letter key. $Hmak $ Sometimes the CDMAK requires to enter a name of file, index, field or subfield; in many cases you can type the question mark (?) (sometimes with ending Enter), and in response the program displays existing names. The file name must be a valid DOS filename. $ In many cases at the bottom of the screen is displayed (abbreviated) meaning of some keys during the current operation. For more information you should use help function. $ Very often you can call the help funktion (by pressing F1 key, sometimes letter "h"); This function displays comments for current operation. The text is devided into pages, you can move to other page by pressing PgDn, PgUP, "N", "P" or "+n" or "-n" (n - number of pages to be skipped). When displaying any help you can press F1 or Shift + F1 to obtain the description of indexes and data base. $Hmak $ The user ends the operation usually by pressing F10 or Ctrl + F10 key; the same way he can interrupt the operation, which takes to much time (e.g. searching in some cases). $ CDMAK program displayes various messages on the screen. They can be: - auxiliary information: they require no response and usually they disapear after a short time, - important information: the user ought to accept it by pressing the proper key (usually ESC), - questions: you must answer to them. $ You can switch the signal Off or On by pressing "D" when displaying any help text; if the signal is switched On you can see the character $\0F at the bottom of any help text; The sound accompanies usually some messages. $Hmak $ Polish letters can be processed using Mazovia or Latin-2 code or in special mode called "without polish letters" (polish letters are translated into corresponding latin letters); the user chooses the code: - executing DOS command SET MAK=M, SET MAK=L lub SET MAK=B, or - executing the program with the option: CDMAK M, CDMAK L or CDMAK B (this overwrites the SET option), or - choosing the proper option after starting the program. To enter and diplay polish letters you should use special drivers; in the absence of such drivers the CDMAK enters Alt + a, Alt + c, ... Alt + z as corresponding polish letters; it does so only for small letters, however small and capital letters mean the same for searching. $Hmak $ Foreign letters (as german "a" with two dots above) are coded as three characters: the tilde (~), diacritic code and the corresponding latin letter. The tilde and diacritic code are dropped in indexes and ommited in comparison (searching). The way of displaying these characters depends on the mask. The table below shows some diacritic codes: ~0 accent grave ~' accent aigu ~1 dash (^) above ~: two dots (like ..) above ~2 tilde (~) above ~" quotation-mark (") above ~3 line (like -) above ~# underline (like _) below ~4 arch (lower half of o) above ~- arch (upper half of o) above ~5 inverted dash (like v) above ~6 circle (like small o) above ~; inverted coma up and behind ~7 apostrophe (') behind ~* inverted coma up and before ~8 dot (.) below ~. dot (.) above ~9 cedille Besides above: ~/a, ~/A means Danish ae, AE ~/e, ~/E means Danish oe, OE ~ss, ~sS means German ss, SS $Hmak $ Greek letters are coded as three characters: the tilde (~), dash (^) and a latin letter. In indexes and in comparison only the latin letter is taken into account. The way of displaying greek letters depends on the mask. $ Special characters are coded as follows: ~~ tilde (~) ~= not equal ~< not greater ~> not lower ~) upper index ~( lower index ~C grade (for example centigrade) ~% 1/10 of % ~& paragraph ~S both-side arrow ~L left arrow ~P right arrow ~! inverted exclamation mark ~? inverted question mark ~D lower quotation mark ~G upper quotation mark ~$ pound (english currency) These characters are dropped in indexes and ommited in comparison. The way of displaying these characters depends on the mask. $Hmas $While masking the user defines fields and subfields to be displayed (plus sign) or omitted (minus sign). Moreover, he can change the mode of displaying field and subfield names. All changes in mask are temporary only. key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help Arrows, PgDn, PgDn, Move the cursor Home, Ctrl + Home, End, Ctrl + End, Tab, Shift + Tab, F4, F5 + for field name display the field with all subfields + for subfield name display the subfield (if the field is displayed) - for field name omit the field and all its subfields - for subfield name omit the subfield # (hash) All fields and subfields to be displayed = (equal sign) All fields and subfields to be omitted F2 (F3) Show the previous (next) display format Shift + F3 Show the display format specified by number F6 Toggle the option DISPLAY / OMIT all names F9 Cancel, don't change the mask F10 Accept the mask, exit $Hust $ key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help Arrows, PgUp, PgDn, Move the cursor. NOTE: to move the cursor to the Home, Ctrl + Home, position of relation opetator press "Home" twice End, Ctrl + End, Tab, Shift + Tab Ins Toggle the option INSERT/REPLACE for inserted text Esc, a string The text typed before the space is the beginning of the of characters field name, the text after the space is the beginning (may containe of the subfield name; add the specified subfield (if one space), it doesn't exist) and move the cursor to it Enter Esc, Esc Set up the condition "for any subfield" Enter Make searching, counting or marking F2 (F3) Show the previous (next) query Ctrl + F2 Display connected index (if it exists) Shift + F3 Show the query specified by number $< to be continued $> $Hust $< continuation $> key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F4 (F5) Add the condition with the next (previous) name and move the cursor to it (see note for "next" and "previous") Shift + F4 Add the condition with the last (first) subfield name (Shift + F5) of the next (previous) field and move cursor to it Shift + F6 Add the line with the same name and move cursor to it F6 Toggle the option AND/OR F7 Toggle the option SEARCH/COUNT/MARK Shift + F7 Toggle the option COUNT/DON'T COUNT; if counting is on the asterisk apears before the word COUNT F8 Compress the query and save it in the external file Alt + F8 Save (wihout compressing) the query in the external file F9 Resign, set the query from the beginning F10 Exit Ctrl + F10 Exit to main menu $Hust $ Each query is a combination of 1 to 15 conditions, linked together with AND or OR. Each condition is displayed in one line and consists of: NAME, OPERATOR and VALUE. Each of these parts has its own place in the condition's line. Each query can be saved in the external file for future use. $ The name means any index name, field name, field / subfield name or the text "any subfield" (the whole record). Names are gruped as follows: - index names, - indexed subfield names, - the whole field names and not indexed subfield names. These goups define terms "next name" and "previous name" (see description of F4 and F5 in MEANING OF KEYS). The following rules apply when displaying the name: - index name is displayed in one column in reverse mode, - field name is displayed always in reverse mode, - subfield name is displayed as asterisks if the condition applies for the whole field, - subfield name is displayed in reverse mode if the subfield is indexed, - "any subfield" is displayed in reverse mode. $Hust $ The operator defines relation between the name and the value. symbol meaning ------------------------------------------------------------------------- = There is a subfield containing the given value > There is a subfield containing the value > than the given value >= There is a subfield containing the value > or equal to the given value < There is a subfield containing the value < than the given value <= There is a subfield containing the value < or equal to the given value # There is a subfield containing the value different to the given value ! There is no subfield containing the value equal to the given value + The subfield (field) apears in record. - The subfield (field) doesn't apear in record. * The subfield (field) apears twice or more. 1 The subfield (field) apears once and only once. @ There is a subfield containing the value that fits the given value (with the wildcards). ^ There is a subfield containing the value that doesn't fit the given value (with the wildcards). NOTE: characters > and < mean higher and lower in alphabetical order. $Hust Some remarks about operators ---------------------------- 1. Each condition dealing with index can contain the operator =, >, >=, < or <=. 2. Condition with operator =, <, <=, #, @ or ^ and with no value is deleted. 3. Each condition containing operator > or >= and no value to compare is treated as containing empty value (i.e. value is equal to one space). 4. The +, -, * and 1 operators require no value. 5. If a condition dealing with index contains the operator =, then no other index-connected condition may have other operator. 6. If no index-connected condition contains operator =, then (only one, with an exception given below) condition for index with >, >=, < or <= opera- tor may exist. Exception (for AND only): it is allowed to define two conditions for the same index, one with operator < or <=, and the other one with operator > or >=. 7. If conditions are connected by "OR", all conditions must concern either indexes or subfields. $Hust $ The value (not used for operators +, -, * and 1) is used to compare with the value pointed by name. For operators =, >, >=, <, <= i # value may contain spaces, leters and digits only; for @ i ^ value may contain any character. Before comparing values from the record and from the query are processed as follows: 1. For operators =, >, >=, <, <= i # - small letters are replaced by capitals, - character ~ and the character which follows are discarded, - non-letters and non-digits are replaced by space, - sequences of spaces are replased by single space, - space at the beginning and at the end are discarded. 2. For operators @ i ^ - small letters are replaced by capitals, - spaces at the end are discarded. $Hust $ The following rules apply when creating new conditions: - new condition is always appended at the end of query, - if the last condition in the query is empty (no value) and isn't connected to index, the new condition replaces the last one, - if there is too many conditions (over 15) the query is compressed (if possible); otherwise en error occurs. $Hsz1 $ key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help Up and down arrows, Scroll the text up or down. PgUp, PgDn, Home, Ctrl + Home, End, Ctrl + End, F2 (F3) Change the display format to the previous (next) one. Shift + F3 Change the display format to the one specified by number. Ctrl + F3 Define the way of displaying the record. F4 or minus sign [-] Display the previous record. F5 or plus sign [+] Display the next record. or Enter Shift + F4 Skip n records backwards (forwards). (Shift + F5) F6 Mark the record (if not marked) or unmark (otherwise) (doesn't work if records marked FROM - TO). Shift + F6 Display the parent record or the child (if exists). Ctrl + F6 Display the child record or the parent (if exists). Alt + F6 Mark all child records (if exist). $< to be continued $> $Hsz1 $< continuation $> key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F8 Display the conditions of query. Shift + F8 Print the record. Alt + F8 Set up width of the screen. F9 Display the record with its subordinates (if any exist). F10 Interrupt the operation or stop to display records. Ctrl + F10 Return to the Main Menu. $ Records can be viewed one by one, forwards or backwards. The sequence depends on the way in which records were chosen. $Hsz2 $ key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help Up and down arrows, Scroll the text up or down. PgUp, PgDn, Home, End F6 Mark the record (if not marked) or unmark (otherwise) (doesn't work if records marked FROM - TO). Shift + F6 Display the parent record (if exists). Shift + F8 Print the record. Alt + F8 Set up width of the screen. F10 Stop to display record. Ctrl + F10 Return to the Main Menu. $Hsz3 $ key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help Up and down arrows, Scroll the text up or down. PgUp, PgDn, Home, End F6 Mark the record (if not marked) or unmark (otherwise) (doesn't work if records marked FROM - TO). Ctrl + F6 Display the child record (if exists). Shift + F8 Print the record. Alt + F8 Set up width of the screen. F10 Stop to display record. Ctrl + F10 Return to the Main Menu. $Hszl The user can display marked records as the continuous text. The records are displayed succesively, in the current mask, the empty line separates each record in the text. Because of technical reasons records are grouped, therefore some operations may be limited to current group (for example Home). $ key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help Up and down arrows, Scroll the text up or down. PgUp, PgDn, Home, Ctrl + Home, End, Ctrl + End, Enter, "+" or "-" F2 (F3) Change the display format to the previous (next) one. Shift + F3 Change the display format to the one specified by number. Ctrl + F3 Define the way of displaying the record. Shift + F8 Print the group. Alt + F8 Set up width of the screen (start from the next group). F10 Stop to display records. $Hin1 The index names are displayed. Values of the pointed index are displayed in the window at the right side of the screen. To view the whole index you should chose the proper index and press Enter. $ keys action ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help. Home, End, F4, F5, Move arrow to other index. tab, Shift + tab, up and down arrow any letter Move arrow to the index name which begins with the letter (case not sensitive). Ctrl + Home, Ctrl + End Scroll index values. PgUp, PgDn, left and right arrow Esc + string of chars. + Display index values from given text. Enter asterisk [*] Display index values from the previous text. F10 Return to the Main Menu. Alt + F10 Move to the search with the conditions being preserved. $Hin2 $ key action ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help. arrows, Move the bar and / or scroll the text up or down. PgUp, PgDn, Home, Ctrl + Home, End, Ctrl + End, any text, ENTER or ESC Display the index beginning with the value which is equal or higher to the text; store the text if it ends with ENTER. asterisk [*] Display the index beginning with the stored text. plus or minus sign Display the index beginning with the next or previous [+ or -] value containing the last stored text. F2 (F3) Display the previous (next) index. Shift + F2 (Shift + F3) Skip n indexes backwards or forwards. Ctrl + F2 (Ctrl + F3) Display previous (next) index with the same name. F4 Cancel the last condition. F5 Append the following condition to the query: the searched value is equal to the current value. $< to be continued $> $Hin2 $< continuation $> key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shift + F5 Append the following condition to the query: the searched value is greater or equal (if first condition) or lower or equal (if second condition) to the current value. F6 or ENTER Search for records that match the query. Shift + F6 or Ins Mark records that match the query. Alt + F6 Set up counters. Display only the values which number of occurrences fit the specific limits; it acts only if counting (see Shift + F7) is On and if a whole page is beeing displayed; the last value is always displayed. F7 Count occurrences of the current value. Shift + F7 Toggle COUNT/DON'T COUNT occurences of values; if COUNT is On, the asterisk appears after the word "COUNT". Ctrl + F7 Toggle COUNT/DON'T COUNT records before searching; if COUNT is On, the asterisk or hash sign appears before the word "COUNT" (the count is displayed before the the first record if "*" is displayed). $< to be continued $> $Hin2 $< continuation $> key action -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alt + F7 Toggle AND/OR for the query. The toggle box is displayed if two or more conditions are set up. F8 Remind me the conditons set up before. F9 Cancel all conditions set up before. F10 or Alt + F10 Interrupt to count or stop to browse the index. Ctrl + F10 Return to the main menu. $ Index values are displayed in alphabetical (including polish letters) sequence, sometimes with record counters. Index can be viewed forwards and backwards. While browsing the index one can search or mark some records. If records are to be pointed by one value one should put the bar on this value and press Enter (for searching) or Ins (for marking). If records are to be pointed by more than one value the proper query must be defined: bar should be put on each of these values and F5 key should be pressed. After the whole query has been defined Enter or Ins key should be pressed. The query can be reminded by pressing F8 key. $Hin3 $ key action ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help. arrows, Move the bar and / or scroll the text up or down. PgUp, PgDn, Home, Ctrl + Home, End, Ctrl + End, any text, ENTER Display the index beginning with the value which is equal or higher to the text. asterisk [*] Display the index beginning with the previous text. Enter or F6 Insert the value into condition. F10 Quit. $Hkry $L01The following query has been defined: No query. $F02 $Hlis Some records may be marked for future use. So called "List of marked records" may contain either numbers of marked records (individual marking) or number of first and last marked record (group marking or marking from - to). When indivi- dual marked record is displayed, its record number is followed by an asterisk. List of individual marked records may be stored in an external file; stored list may be modified by the user and may be read by the program. List of group marked records is always cancelled when returning to the main menu. Individual marking may by done: - by converting group marking to individual, - by pressing F6 key when displaying the unmarked record, - by pressing INS key when displaying any index, - by choosing the proper option when searching, - by reading a list from an external file. Deleting the record number from the list may by done by pressing F6 when the record is beeing displayed or by cancelling the whole list. $Hlis $ When records are marked individually, one can call the search operation; search results depend on the chosen option (SEARCH/COUNT/MARK) and on the type of searching: sequential or using indexes: sequential search index searching ========================================================== SEARCH/COUNT displaying / counting displaying / counting FROM THE LIST FROM THE BASE MARKING ERASING records which ADDING records which don't match the query match the query FROM THE LIST TO THE LIST $ The user can sort individually marked records according to a key composed of from 1 to 15 subfields. If any subfield appears more then once in the record, the sortkey takes into account only its first occurence. The sort changes the sequence in the list, not in the base. Sorting requires possibility of creating, writing and reading the file in the current directory.